background and objectives: clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. the aim of the present study was cloning and expression of c. perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon...

objective: aflatoxin is important in the food industry, in animal husbandry and the medical area; there are enormous negative economic impacts due to this toxin. numerous studies have researched extracts and plant compounds with the intent to reduce the growth of aflatoxin-producing organisms, inhibit toxin production and suppress the major toxin encoded genes (i.e., aflr) in these organisms. l...

objectives: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is one of the most common agents of diarrhea among other bacterial agents. designing and producing vaccine against these bacteria is one of the major purposes of world health organization (who). due to presence of diverse clones of etec strains in the world, the use of global vaccines for etec infection is controversial. b subunit of heat labi...

Objective: Aflatoxin is known as one of the most important mycotoxins that threatens of human life. The toxin is produced by Aspergillus species which are common cause of contamination of agricultural products. For this reason, the use of organic compounds has always been considered in order to inhibit the growth of fungi and production of toxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the eff...

Background & Aims: Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes cholera disease. Following ingestion by a host and entry into the upper intestine, V. cholera colonizes and begins to emit enterotoxin. One of the most pathogenic factors of Vibrio cholera is toxin-coregulated pili (TCP). ToxinCoregulated pili is as the primary factor requiered for the colonization and insisten...

Objective(s): A newly-introduced protein toxin from a sea anemone, namely fragaceatoxin C is a protein with molecular weight of 20 kDa and pore-forming capability against cell membranes has recently grasped great attentions for its function. In this study, its coding sequence cloned as a fusion protein with His-tag for simple production and rapid purification. Materials and Methods: After PCR a...

background and objectives: baculovirus can be used as a vector in gene delivery system. viral envelope of baculovirus would display expressed protein/peptide and it could render as a potential vaccine delivery system. in this regard, the gene coding for a subunit of shiga toxin (stxa) from escherichia coli ( e. coli ) strain was cloned in a baculovirus expression system. stxa subunit has the ab...

Background: Cholera is a potentially epidemic and life-threatening secretory diarrhoea characterized by voluminous watery stools, often accompanied by vomiting, and resulting in hypovolemic shock and acidosis. It is caused by certain strains of the species Vibrio cholerae which can also cause mild or in apparent infections. The aim of this study is the evaluation of Capsaicin, as a potential in...

Background and Objective: In Indonesia, diphtheria cases caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae are still occurring until today. One of the causes is probably the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxR) gene which influences toxin expression. Therefore, in this study the characterization of the gene was performed to determine the mutations that affect the DtxR protein.   Methods: The dtxR genes of ...

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important ubiquitous and especially common pathogen in the hospital. Exotoxin A that encoded by exoA gene has a role in pathogenesis of this bacterium. Today, probiotics are widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. The present study aimed to study the Saccharomyces cerevisiae S3 effect on the expression of exoA gene. Materials an...